Asthma Need More Oxygen?

Bronchial Asthma Disease site chest Common symptoms Difficulty breathing, chest tightness, cough, cyanosis, etc. Check item Routine blood examination, sputum examination, respiratory function examination, blood gas analysis, chest X-ray examination, detection of specific allergens, etc. English name asthma Main cause Genetics, allergens, external factors table of Contents 1 cause of symptoms 2 diagnosis 3 Differential diagnosis 4 check 5 treatment 6 clinical manifestations 7 preventive measures 8 daily care Causes of folding symptoms (1) Genetic factors Asthma is related to polygenic inheritance. The prevalence of relatives of asthma patients is higher than the group prevalence, and the closer the relationship, the higher the prevalence; the more severe the patient’s condition, the higher the prevalence of their relatives. (2) Allergen 1. Indoor and outdoor allergens: Dust mites are the most common and most harmful indoor allergens, and they are also an important cause of asthma worldwide. Dust mites are found in secretions such as fur, saliva, urine and faeces. The fungus is also one of the allergens existing in indoor air, especially in dark, humid and poorly ventilated places. Pollen is the most common outdoor allergen that causes asthma attacks. 2. Occupational allergens: common allergens include grain flour, flour, wood, feed, tea, coffee beans, silkworms, pigeons, mushrooms, antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins), rosin, reactive dyes, persulfuric acid Salt, ethylenediamine, etc. 3. Drugs: Aspirin, propranolol (Propranolol) and some non-corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs are the main allergens of asthma caused by drugs. (3) Inducing factors Common predisposing factors include air pollution, smoking, respiratory virus infection, pregnancy, strenuous exercise, and climate change; a variety of non-specific stimuli, such as inhalation of cold air and distilled water droplets, can induce asthma. In addition, mental and psychological factors can also induce asthma. Folding diagnosis 1. For patients with typical symptoms and signs, a clinical diagnosis can be made after wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough caused by other diseases are excluded. 2. For atypical cases, bronchodilation or provocation test should be done, and the positive can be diagnosed. [1] Folding differential diagnosis 1. Mainly consider chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. Multiple small pulmonary emboli can occasionally cause wheezing. 2. Patients with allergic pneumonia appear to be clinically similar to asthma, but after exposure to sensitizers, they usually have more systemic symptoms without wheezing, unless it is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. 3. Patients with bronchial obstruction secondary to malignant tumours, aortic aneurysms, endobronchial tuberculosis or sarcoidosis may occasionally have wheezing. 4. Upper airway obstruction caused by vocal cord dysfunction can be diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy during the attack. 5. Other rare diseases that can resemble asthma include carcinoid syndrome, Churg-Stauss syndrome and eosinophilic pneumonia (including tropical eosinophilia and parasitic infections that affect the lungs during certain periods of the disease). 6. Strongyloides faecalis infection must receive treatment to avoid death, but if treated with corticosteroids, it can lead to disseminated parasitic infection and multiple infection syndrome of gram-negative bacteria. 7. Usually, the completely atypical history of asthma suggests that other diseases have caused airway obstruction. Fold check (1) Laboratory inspection 1. Routine blood test Increased serum IgE caused by allergies, increased the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils during co-infection. 2. Sputum examination Sputum smear showed increased eosinophilia. 3. Respiratory function check (1) Obstructive ventilatory dysfunction was present at the onset of ventilatory function detection, and the expiratory flow rate index decreased significantly. (2) Bronchial provocation test is used to measure airway responsiveness and confirm the existence of airway hyperresponsiveness. Commonly used inhalation stimulants are methacholine and histamine. After inhaling the stimulant, the ventilatory function decreases and the airway resistance increases. (3) The bronchial dilation test is used to determine the reversibility of airway airflow. Commonly used inhaled bronchodilators are salbutamol and terbutaline. (4) Determination of PEF and its variation rate PEF can reflect changes in airway ventilation function. PDF decreases during an asthma attack. Diurnal PEF variation rate of ≥20% is in line with the characteristics of reversible changes in airway airflow limitation. 4. Blood gas analysis There may be different degrees of hypoxemia during an asthma attack. If the airway is severely blocked, PaCO2 will rise at the same time as PaO2 drops, and respiratory acidosis will occur. Severe hypoxia can be combined with metabolic acidosis. (2) Other auxiliary examinations 1. Chest X-ray examination During an asthma attack, the brightness of both lungs increases, showing an over-inflated state, and there is no abnormality in the remission period. 2. Detection of specific allergens Avoid or reduce exposure to this allergen. Folding treatment Appropriate use of drugs can save most patients from emergency and hospitalization. The choice of drugs should be based on the severity of asthma. (1) Treatment of acute attacks Acute asthma attacks can be divided into mild (stage Ⅰ), moderate (stage Ⅱ), severe (stage Ⅲ) or respiratory failure (stage Ⅳ). 1. In stage I or stage II, an aerosol bronchodilator is usually inhaled by compressed air atomization. For adult patients with acute asthma, use a salbutamol metered-dose inhaler to connect the storage mist. 2. For adult patients with stage Ⅱ acute onset, corticosteroids can be given within 48 hours. Arterial blood gases should be measured, especially if the patient is ineffective against inhaled β2-agonists, has severe distress or worsening, or the extent of the attack is uncertain. 3. The arterial blood gas should be measured immediately for stage III patients. And should use an oxygen mask to continuously inhale the albuterol atomized solution. If the patient continues to be in severe distress, aminophylline should be instilled continuously, and serum theophylline levels must be monitored. Patients with heart failure or liver disease or elderly patients should pay special attention and reduce the dose. For patients who use drugs that reduce the serum theophylline clearance rate (such as cimetidine, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin), the dose should be reduced and the blood drug concentration should be monitored. Proper oxygen is given to correct hypoxemia, and oxygen can be inhaled through a nasal cannula or mask. Stage III patients should be given corticosteroids, and the most frequently used is intravenous methylprednisolone. There are many indications for hospitalization, but the clear indications are: no improvement in the condition, progressive fatigue, relapse after repeated β-agonist and aminophylline treatment, PaO2 significantly decreases, suggesting respiratory failure. Many patients with severe asthma attacks who should be hospitalized were sent home from the emergency room. 4. In addition to β-agonists and theophylline, patients in or near stage IV should also be given intravenous methylprednisolone immediately. Stage IV patients who are ineffective in the treatment of active β2-agonists and corticosteroids appear Fatigued and progressive deterioration of arterial blood gas and pH should consider tracheal intubation and assisted breathing. Such patients should be admitted to the intensive care unit. Due to hypoxia and suffocation, many stage IV patients can experience extreme anxiety. It is advisable to treat basic respiratory diseases, including proper 02 therapy. At this time, it is especially necessary to obtain calm, caring and supportive guidance from medical staff. (2) Education The importance of education must be emphasized. The more patients know about asthma, including the precipitating factors, when to use what medicine, and how to use the aerosol canister, the earlier the use of corticosteroids when asthma worsens, the better the asthma control. It is absolutely useful to monitor the peak expiratory flow in families with moderate to severe asthma combined with education. When asthma is stationary, the peak flow value is measured every morning. If the patient's peak flow value drops to a personal optimal value of <80%, the diurnal variation rate needs to be measured twice a day. Diurnal variation rate> 20% indicates airway instability, and the treatment plan needs to be re-evaluated. Every patient should record the treatment response every day, especially the treatment of acute attacks. [1] Clinical manifestations (1) Symptoms Typical manifestations are episodic expiratory dyspnea or episodic chest tightness and cough, accompanied by wheezing. In severe cases, it is forced to sit and breathe, or even cyanosis; dry cough or a large amount of white foamy sputum. Some patients only have a cough as their only symptom. Asthma can occur in a few minutes, and after a few hours to a few days, bronchodilators can relieve or relieve itself. It is one of the characteristics of frequent asthma attacks and exacerbations at night and early morning. Some patients may experience chest tightness, cough and difficulty breathing during exercise. (2) physical signs During an asthma attack, the chest is over-inflated, auscultation has extensive wheezing and prolonged exhalation sounds. In severe cases, rapid heart rate, odd pulses, abnormal chest and abdomen movements, and cyanosis may occur. But in mild asthma or very severe asthma attack, wheezing may not appear, which is called sedentary chest. Folding precautions 1. Primary prevention: aims to prevent asthma by removing risk factors. 2. Secondary prevention: early diagnosis and treatment when asymptomatic to prevent the development of asthma. 3. Three-level prevention: actively control the symptoms of asthma, prevent the disease from getting worse, and reduce complications. [1] Folding daily care (1) Keep the airway open 1. Medication care (1) Bronchodilators, among which inhalation therapy has the advantages of small dosage, quick onset, and small side effects, and is the preferred drug treatment method. (2) Adrenocortical hormones are currently the most effective drugs for the treatment of asthma. Long-term use can produce many side effects, such as double infections and obesity. When the child has a change in body image, psychological care should be taken. 2. Oxygen Most children with asthma have hypoxia, so oxygen should be given to reduce anaerobic metabolism, and 40% oxygen concentration is appropriate to prevent acidosis. Closely monitor the arterial blood gas analysis value as an evaluation of the treatment effect. 3. Posture Adopt a position that expands the lungs, which can be a semi-sitting or sitting position. In addition, postural drainage can also be used to assist children with expectoration. (2) Ensure rest and do psychological care Excessive breathing exercises and hypoxemia make the child feel extremely tired and provide a quiet and comfortable environment for the child to rest. Nursing operations should be carried out as concentrated as possible. Take measures to ease fear, ensure safety, and encourage children to relax. Understand the psychological problems of parents and children and provide corresponding psychological care according to individual conditions. (3) Improve activity endurance Assist children in their daily life, guide children's activities, try to avoid emotional and nervous activities. Before and after the child's activity, monitor his breathing and heart rate. If there is shortness of breath or heart rate during the activity, continue to inhale oxygen and give rest. Depending on the condition, gradually increase the amount of activity. (4) Closely monitor the condition Continue to observe the child’s asthma, observe whether the child has a large amount of white sticky sputum, expiratory dyspnea, rapid breathing, and wheezing, whether there is a lot of sweating, fatigue, cyanosis and vomiting, and whether the chest is full, It is inspiratory, whether there is excessive response during percussion, whether the whole lung is auscultated for wheezing, and whether breathing sounds and wheezing are weakened or disappeared, and heart rate increases when the dyspnea worsens. In addition, the children should be closely monitored for irritability, increased asthma, increased heart rate, rapid liver increase in a short period of time, and blood pressure. Be alert to the occurrence of comorbidities such as heart failure and respiratory arrest. At the same time, you should also be alert to the occurrence of persistent asthma. If persistent asthma occurs, you should immediately inhale oxygen and give a semi-sitting position to assist doctors in joint treatment. (5) Health education guidance Breathing exercise: Respiratory exercise can strengthen the diaphragmatic respiratory muscles. Before performing breathing exercises, the secretions from the children’s nasal passages should be removed

Will Asthma Die Suddenly?

 

 Recently, a friend fainted and lost consciousness due to asthma. Will asthma often break out? Will this kind of sudden asthma cause death? I'm so afraid, so worried, afraid...show all ​Followers 51 Browsed 96,589 Follow the question and write an answer​Invite to answer​Good question 1​1 Comment​Share​11 answers Default sort European Emperor Eats a Spear Medical-based children, focusing on the healthy growth of children 18 people agreed with the answer There is indeed a possibility of death from an acute attack of asthma, but it is very very very low! Therefore, the subject does not have to worry too much and put psychological pressure on yourself. Let me just talk about the symptoms of an asthma attack. Give the subject a little confidence. 1. Symptoms before asthma attack: Coughing, chest tightness, and increased sputum volume for several consecutive days, but not easy to cough up Symptoms of allergic rhinitis appear or worsen, such as sneezing, watery eyes, clear nose, nasopharynx, itchy eyes, etc. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection such as fever, sore throat, stuffy nose, cough In the spring and autumn seasons with a high incidence of asthma, long-term physical fatigue and mental fatigue Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and skin eczema Long-term dry cough is not well controlled 2. Symptoms of asthmatic patients: Symptom 1: Wheezing, wheezing is the most common symptom of an asthma attack. When an asthma attack occurs, patients will have paroxysmal wheezing, accompanied by wheezing, and shortness of breath. This symptom mostly occurs at night or in the early morning. The shortest one appears for a few minutes, and the elderly last for hours or even days. Symptom 2 Coughing, coughing is normal for normal people, but for asthmatics, coughing may be a precursor to an attack. Before the onset of asthma, it is the most irritating dry cough, but the cough is reduced during the attack, mainly wheezing, and when the attack tends to be relieved, there is more sputum. If there is no co-infection, it is often colourless or white translucent phlegm, with tough texture, Sometimes it is rice grain or mucus column. Symptom 3 Chest tightness. When a patient with asthma has chest tightness, it indicates that asthma may occur. Because during an asthma attack, the patient feels that the air inhaled is not enough, and in severe cases, there will be a sense of suffocation. Asthma patients should carry medicine with them in case of emergency. If the above three signs appear, they should be prepared to deal with asthma. Posted on 2016-12-01​Agree 18​​1 Comment​Share​Collection​Like Put away​Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carries on Li Xiaoyi A doctor dedicated to the medical Internet. 8 people agreed with the answer There is no doubt that asthma can lead to death. However, the case fatality rate of death due to an acute asthma attack is about 0.075%. In recent years, the mortality rate of asthma has become lower and lower. There is even a "zero asthma death committee" in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The current optimism about the current status of asthma mortality is that two-thirds of asthma deaths can be prevented, but one-third of patients will still lose their lives.It is very important to correctly and timely identify risk factors for asthma death. Posted on 2016-07-19​Agree 8​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on Engineer Dad Gogogo 24 people agreed with the answer There are different degrees of asthma attacks. Your friend’s situation is a serious emergency attack, which is not normal. Let him stick to the treatment and keep a bottle of Ventolin aerosol by his side to let friends know that he has asthma. Good to help. Almost 30,000 people die of asthma every year worldwide. Because asthma is a chronic disease, many patients have accumulated experience in self-management from childhood to adulthood. Also Besides, asthma treatment now has mature treatment plans and drugs. As long as it is properly controlled, it is no different from normal people’s work and study. fear. Edited on 2015-11-27​Agree 24​​6 comments​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carries on Gene treasure Advertising​not interested Zhihu Advertising Introduction What kind of experience is it to grab a genetic test with the original price "10% off"? Where is your ancestor? How is your drinking? Are you easy to lose weight? These answers are hidden in your genes. 2ml saliva test gene, one discount and limited-time price waiting for you to grab view details Guo Guo 撸铁 Girl 2 people agreed with the answer Severe asthma attacks may lead to death, so long-term standard treatment is required. It is best to have a doctor for a long time, let him know your condition better, follow the doctor's advice, keep a daily asthma diary, give feedback to your doctor, and adjust the treatment plan regularly. Edited on 2017-03-28​Agree 2​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on The pill king with the split personality I am warm as spring, and I am also cold and black! 9 people agreed with the answer Everyone is familiar with the word "asthma" We often see people having asthma attacks in TV series Take out the shot of spray Teresa Teng Died because of an asthma attack Peking Opera Master Mr Mei Baojiu Suffered an asthma attack last month Bronchospasm occurs, leading to hypoxia in the brain Died after 26 days in a coma Even "Flying Fish" Phelps Also suffered from asthma since childhood, In fact, this "breathing pain" is also controllable and preventable Uncle Liang has suffered from asthma for many years, and there is no difference between him and healthy people in the remission period. As Uncle Liang is old and has a bad memory, he always only thinks of medication when he has an asthma attack and does not use any medication during the remission period. This recurring attack caused severe complications such as emphysema and pulmonary heart disease over time. Many asthma patients, like Uncle Liang, do not fully realize the importance of early prevention and systematic treatment of asthma. They take the medicine when the onset occurs and stop the medicine when the symptoms are relieved. The same goes for Mr Liu's wife. "Cough cough cough", a violent dry cough awakened Mr Liu from his sleep. It was his wife who was coughing. Why is she coughing again? His wife was diagnosed with bronchial asthma last year. After the medication, the effect was really good. However, the coughing sound tonight is really strange. Has she not caught a cold recently? Mr Liu suddenly remembered that a month ago, his wife asked if the medicine he was taking was a hormone. Didn't she stop the medication according to the doctor's request? Under Mr Liu’s questioning, his wife said aggrieved: “I stopped using it. My symptoms have recovered, and this medicine is a hormone! There will be adverse reactions, such as full moon face' and buffalo back'. Scared to death! Asthma is a chronic recurrent disease that requires long-term treatment. No matter whether there is an attack or not, treatment should be adhered to. However, many asthma patients think that they can not take the medicine or stop the medicine without authorization. Some people have a bad memory and do not take the medicine on time every day, which will cause some complications, which will give us Bring great harm, and may even be complicated by emphysema, pulmonary heart disease and other diseases, threatening life. for us to have a happy life and a healthy body, we must take medicine on time and treat in time. Edited on 2019-07-05​Agree 9​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Put away​Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on Find new drugs Help patients take new drugs for free and take care of their lives and health. In the popular web drama "The Hidden Corner" some time ago, there was a little girl named Pupu who was very popular. Unfortunately, Pupu is allergic to cat fur. After rubbing a cat, she has an asthma attack and her life is at stake. Why does rubbing a cat cause an asthma attack? Take a look at the video below and you will know. Looking for new drugs, the first phase, why is Pupu, who licks the cat, in danger Video of finding new drugs 316 Play Posted on 08-07​Agree to​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on Have a dream for you Can sweet and salt There is such a possibility, but it is very small, and general asthma is preventable and controllable. Usually, pay attention to preventive medicine and avoid incentives Prepare emergency medicine around you. Santorini/Xinbike are all okay, and they can generally be relieved. If the attack persists and does not relieve, remember to consult a doctor~ It is also important to review regularly! Posted on 04-12​Agree​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on Let go Everything is alive (except mosquitoes) Yes, for example, when the troops ran three kilometres and 5,000 meters armed, Fan asthma Posted on 05-05​Agree to​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on Anonymous User 6 people agreed with the answer Seeing this question feels very scientific and terrible Asthma is classified as one of the four major chronic diseases. There is no shortage of asthma patients in China "typical asthma, variant asthma, reflux asthma, cardiogenic asthma, allergic asthma" but very few patients have regular follow-up visits and standardized medications. 3% of patients insist on using corticosteroid sprays. Some ignorant people think that asthma is an infectious disease! !! The minds of some Chinese people really need to be cured You can die, or you can be like a normal person. It depends on your own situation. Nitric oxide, lung function, diastole, stimulation, bronchoscopy, swimming, exercise, stay happy, pay attention to heart rate, keep Ventolin, use regularly Hormones, oral leukotrienes Posted on 2019-08-18​Agree 6​​Add a comment​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carries on Hetian Xi 996, 55 Interruption... Suddenly I found that I was not worthy of the back wave of 5.4 days. 1 person agreed with the answer The chances are very small unless you don’t care at all, just take good protection and bring common medicines, Vantorin is good. I really can’t rest assured, pick up some aminophylline, and bring an atomization device, which is the size of a mobile phone. Although budesonide and ipratropium bromide are more expensive, they are very effective. calm down! Keep exercising to improve your immunity and improve your mentality. This is nothing, just a common minor problem. Posted on 04-10​Agree 1​​2 comments​Share​Collection​Like Continue browsing content Know almost Discover the bigger world turn on Chrome carry on 2222233333 students A good friend of mine and I met in the hospital and we all have asthma. She left a while ago, and she didn't know if it was because of this disease. I hope not, otherwise, it would be uncomfortable

Synonyms Asthma

 

Bronchial asthma Synonyms Asthma generally refers to bronchial asthma (medical disease) This entry is provided by the "Science China" Science Encyclopedia entry writing and application work project. Bronchial asthma is an abnormality characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway that is characterized by a variety of cells (such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells, etc.) and cellular components. Qualitative disease. This chronic inflammation is related to airway hyperresponsiveness. It is usually extensive and variable reversible expiratory airflow limitation, resulting in recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and/or coughing symptoms, intensity Change with time. It usually occurs at night and (or) early in the morning, and most patients can relieve themselves or after treatment. If bronchial asthma is not diagnosed and treated in time, it can cause irreversible airway narrowing and airway remodelling with the extension of the disease course. English name bronchial asthma Respiratory department Common bronchi Common symptoms of recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and/or cough Expert interpretation Inhaled hormones for bronchial asthma Regular inhaled hormone therapy is the most commonly used asthma treatment, and it has been used more and more widely. Popular Science China Committed to authoritative science communication This entry certification expert is Xu Wenbing丨Chief physician Peking Union Medical College Hospital Respiratory Medicine Audit He Zhihong丨Chief Physician Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shijiazhuang First Hospital National Health Commission Authoritative medical science popularization network platform Disease Overview Popular Science Articles (9) Popular Science Video table of Contents 1 Cause 2 Clinical manifestations 3 check 4 Diagnosis 5 Differential diagnosis 6 treatment 7 Prognosis 8 Education and management of asthma Basic Information English name bronchial asthma, common disease site, respiratory department, common disease site, common bronchial symptoms, repeated episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and (or) coughing Cause 1. Genetic factors Individual allergies and the influence of the external environment are risk factors for the disease. Asthma is related to polygenic inheritance. The prevalence of relatives of asthma patients is higher than the group prevalence, and the closer the relationship, the higher the prevalence; the more severe the patient’s condition, the higher the prevalence of their relatives. 2. Allergen (1) Indoor and outdoor allergens Dust mites are the most common and most harmful indoor allergens. They are an important cause of asthma worldwide. Dust mites exist in secretions such as fur, saliva, urine and faeces. The fungus is also one of the allergens in indoor air, especially in dark, humid and poorly ventilated places. Common outdoor allergens: Pollen and grass meal are the most common outdoor allergens that cause asthma attacks, and other specific and non-specific inhalants such as animal dander, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia. (2) The common allergens of occupational allergens are grain powder, flour, wood, feed, tea, coffee beans, silkworm, pigeon, mushrooms, antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporin), rosin, reactive dyes, persulfuric acid Salt, ethylenediamine, etc. (3) Drugs and food Aspirin, propranolol (Propranolol) and some non-corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs are the main allergens of asthma caused by drugs. Also Besides, foods such as fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, and milk can induce asthma. 3. Precipitating factors Common air pollution, smoking, respiratory infections, such as bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasite infections, pregnancy, strenuous exercise, and climate change; various non-specific stimuli such as inhalation of cold air, distilled water mist, etc. can induce asthma attacks. Also Besides, mental factors can also induce asthma. Clinical manifestations Paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing or paroxysmal cough, chest tightness. In severe cases, people are forced to sit or breathe upright, dry cough or cough a lot of white foamy sputum, or even cyanosis. Sometimes a cough is the only symptom (cough variant asthma). Some adolescent patients have chest tightness, coughing and dyspnea during exercise as their only clinical manifestations (exercise asthma). Asthma symptoms can be onset within a few minutes, and after a few hours to a few days, bronchodilators can be used to relieve or relieve themselves. Some patients may have another attack a few hours after remission. Attacks and exacerbations at night and early morning are often one of the characteristics of asthma. an examination 1. Physical examination During the attack, the chest was hyperinflated, the chest was swollen, and the percussion was clean. Most of them had extensive expiratory wheezing and prolonged expiratory sounds. Severe asthma attacks often have signs of laboured breathing, profuse sweating, cyanosis, abnormal chest and abdomen movements, increased heart rate, and abnormal pulses. There may be no abnormal signs in the remission period. 2. Laboratory and other inspections (1) Routine blood examinations Some patients may have increased eosinophils during attacks, but most of them are not obvious. For example, concurrent infections may have increased white blood cell counts and an increased proportion of classified neutrophils. (2) Sputum examination smear shows more eosinophils, such as respiratory tract bacterial infection, sputum smear Gram stain, cell culture and drug sensitivity test can help the diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria and guide treatment. (3) Pulmonary function examination During the remission period, the lung ventilation function is mostly in the normal range. During an asthma attack, due to the limitation of the expiratory flow rate, the expiratory flow rate indicators are significantly reduced, manifested as the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the one-second rate (FEV1/FVC%) (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) Occupied vital capacity ratio), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMER), maximum expiratory flow (MEF50% and MEF75%) at 50% and 75% expiratory capacity, peak expiratory flow (PEFR), and maximum expiratory flow ( PEF) are reduced. Lung capacity indicators can reduce effective vital capacity, increase residual capacity, increase functional residual capacity and total lung capacity, and increase the percentage of residual air in total lung capacity. Can gradually recover after treatment. If the disease is prolonged and repeated, its ventilation function may gradually decrease. (4) Blood gas analysis During a severe asthma attack, due to airway obstruction and uneven ventilation distribution, the ventilation/blood flow ratio is unbalanced, which can cause the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (A-aDO2) to increase; there may be hypoxia, PaO2 And SaO2 decreased, PaCO2 decreased due to hyperventilation, pH value increased, showing respiratory alkalosis. Such as severe asthma, the disease progresses further, airway obstruction is serious, hypoxia and CO2 retention may occur, PaCO2 rises, and respiratory acidosis is manifested. If hypoxia is obvious, metabolic acidosis can be combined. (5) Chest X-ray examination In the early stage of an asthma attack, the transparency of both lungs can be seen to increase, showing an over-inflated state; there is usually no obvious abnormality in the remission period. If the respiratory tract infection is complicated, the lung texture and the shadow of inflammatory infiltration can be seen. At the same time, pay attention to the existence of complications such as atelectasis, pneumothorax, or mediastinal emphysema. (6) Detection of specific allergens Most asthma patients are accompanied by allergies and are sensitive to numerous allergens and irritants. Determination of allergic indicators combined with medical history can help diagnose the cause of the patient and get rid of allergenic factors. However, allergic reactions should be prevented. (7) Others. Skin allergen test, inhaled allergen test, and patient-specific IgE in vitro can be tested as appropriate. diagnosis For patients with typical symptoms and signs, a clinical diagnosis can be made after wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough caused by other diseases are excluded; for atypical cases, bronchodilation or provocation test should be performed, and positive patients can be diagnosed. Differential diagnosis 1. Wheezing dyspnea caused by left heart failure More common in the elderly. The reasons are hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, mitral valve stenosis, or chronic nephritis, etc. The attacks are more common at night. The symptoms are chest tightness, shortness of breath and difficulty, coughing and wheezing. In severe cases, there are cyanosis, dark complexion, cold sweats, nervousness and fear, similar to acute asthma attacks. In addition to wheezing, patients often spit out a lot of thin watery or foamy sputum or maybe pink foamy sputum, and have typical wet rales at the bottom of the lungs, the heart expands to the left, heart valve murmurs, and heart sounds may be irregular or even Gallop. Chest X-ray shows that the heart shadow may be enlarged, and the left atrial appendage is often enlarged in patients with mitral valve stenosis. The lungs have signs of pulmonary oedema, and the shadows of blood vessels are blurred. Due to pulmonary oedema, the interlobular septum becomes wider, and the interlobular line can move down to the basal lung lobe, which is helpful for identification. 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, with a history of chronic cough, wheezing exists all year round, and there is an exacerbation period. Most patients have a history of long-term smoking or exposure to harmful gases, signs of emphysema, and wet rales may be heard in both lungs. However, it is sometimes difficult to strictly distinguish between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in clinical practice. It may be helpful to use bronchodilators, oral or inhaled hormones for therapeutic diagnosis, and sometimes the two can exist at the same time. 3. Allergic lung infiltration This is a group of pulmonary eosinophil infiltration diseases, including simple eosinophilic pneumonia, persistent eosinophilic pneumonia, asthmatic eosinophilic pneumonia, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and pulmonary necrotizing vasculitis, etc. Diseases can be included in this group of diseases, and they may all have asthma symptoms, especially asthmatic eosinophilic pneumonia. The disease can be seen at any age, most of which are related to lower respiratory tract bacterial infections. The patient is allergic to Aspergillus, so it is also called allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The patient often has a fever, and chest X-ray examination shows multiple, one after another light patch infiltration shadow, which can disappear on its own or recur repeatedly. Lung tissue biopsy can help identify. 4. Trachea and main bronchial lung cancer Because cancer compresses or invades the trachea or the main bronchus, the upper airway lumen is narrowed or incompletely blocked, coughing or wheezing occurs, and even wheezing occurs. However, patients usually have no history of asthma attacks, sputum can be bloody, wheezing symptoms are mostly inspiratory dyspnea, or wheezing sounds are limited, and anti-asthmatic drugs are ineffective. As long as the disease is taken into consideration, it is not difficult to distinguish it by further chest X-ray examination, CT, sputum cytology and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. treatment Currently, there is no specific treatment method, but adherence to long-term standardized treatment can make asthma symptoms well-controlled, reduce recurrence or even no longer attack. 1. Treatment goals (1) Complete control of symptoms; (2) Preventing the onset or exacerbation of disease; (3) The lung function is close to the best value of the individual; (4) Normal activities; (5) Improve self-awareness and ability to deal with acute exacerbations, and reduce the chance of emergency or hospitalization; (6) Avoid adverse drug reactions; (7) Prevent irreversible airway obstruction; (8) Prevent death from asthma. 2. Basic clinical strategies for asthma prevention (1) Long-term anti-inflammatory treatment is the basic treatment, and inhaled hormones are the first choice. Commonly used inhaled drugs include beclomethasone (BDP), budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, etc. The latter two have stronger biological activity and longer-lasting effects. Usually, it takes regular inhalation for more than a week to take effect. (2) The first choice for emergency relief of symptoms is inhaled, β2 agonists. β2 agonists mainly activate the β2 receptors of the respiratory tract, activate adenylate cyclase, increase the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cells and decrease free Ca, thereby relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. It is the first choice for controlling acute asthma attacks drug. (3) If the disease control is not satisfactory after regular inhalation of hormones, it is advisable to add inhaled long-acting β2 agonists, or sustained-release theophylline, or leukotriene modulators (combined medication); also consider increasing the amount of inhaled hormones. (4) In patients with severe asthma, if the above-mentioned treatment still recurs for a long time, intensive treatment may be considered. That is, according to the treatment of severe asthma attacks, give high-dose hormones and other treatments, and gradually reduce the number of hormones after 2 to 4 days after the symptoms are fully controlled, the lung function is restored to the optimal level, and the PEF fluctuation rate is normal. Some patients are well controlled after the intensive treatment phase. 3. Comprehensive treatment measures (1) Eliminate the aetiology and inducing causes. (2) Prevent and treat coexisting diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, reflux esophagitis, etc. (3) Immunomodulatory therapy. (4) Frequently check whether inhaled medicine is used correctly and compliance with doctor's orders. Prognosis The outcome and prognosis of asthma vary from person to person and are closely related to the correct treatment plan. Through the active and standardized treatment of childhood asthma, the clinical control rate can reach 95%. Mild disease is easy to recover, severe disease, airway reactivity is obviously increased, or other allergic diseases are difficult to control. If chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary heart disease occurs for a long time, the prognosis is poor. Education and management of asthma The education and management of asthma patients is an important measure to improve efficacy, reduce recurrence, and improve the quality of life of patients. Doctors should develop a prevention and treatment plan for each newly diagnosed asthma patient so that the patient understands or masters the following: 1. I believe that through long-term, appropriate and adequate treatment, asthma attacks can be effectively controlled; 2. Understand the triggers of asthma, combine each person's specific situation, find out their own triggers, and avoid the triggers; 3. Briefly understand the nature and pathogenesis of asthma; 4. Familiar with the aura manifestations of asthma attacks and corresponding treatment methods; 5. Learn to monitor the changes of the condition at home and make assessments, focusing on the use of peak flow meters, and record asthma diaries if possible; 6. Learn simple emergency self-treatment methods during an asthma attack; 7. Understand the effects, correct dosage, usage and adverse reactions of commonly used anti-asthmatic drugs; 8. Master the correct usage of different inhalation devices; 9. Know when to go to the hospital for treatment; 10. Work with the doctor to prevent the recurrence of asthma and maintain long-term stability.

Asthma Attack

 

What should I do if I have a sudden attack of asthma? Asthma, also known as bronchial asthma, is due to various reasons that increase airway responsiveness, that is, the airway is super sensitive to irritants. Studies have found that asthma patients are 100 to 1000 times more sensitive to irritants than normal people. Asthma patients will experience bronchoconstriction and even continuous spasms once they are exposed to weak stimuli from the outside world, causing recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma usually occurs at night, and it can relieve itself or get better through treatment in the early stage. However, if it recurs or does not receive a regular treatment, the reversible airflow limitation turns into irreversible functional impairment, and the symptoms often persist. How to recognize an acute attack of asthma? An acute attack of asthma refers to the sudden onset of symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, or a sharp aggravation of the original symptoms, accompanied by dyspnea, which is mainly characterized by the decreased expiratory flow. Most asthma attacks have different degrees of aura before an acute attack, and there are usually two ways to judge. 1. Based on the monitoring results of peak expiratory flow (PEF) PEF can be detected by a simple peak flow meter. The peak flow meter is easy to carry and easy to operate. It can be tested at home. If the PEF value drops to the personal best 60-80% or lower recently, you need to be alert to the risk of an acute attack. 2. Changes according to symptoms, such as cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath Of course, because individuals have different perceptions and symptom sensitivity to airflow limitation, the two can be combined to judge and identify. Causes of acute asthma attacks Many reasons can cause an acute attack of asthma, such as seasonality (more common in winter and spring), respiratory infections, weather changes, and allergens. The substances that cause allergies are not necessarily the same for everyone. Common predisposing factors include airborne dust, dust mites, pollen, carpets, animal hair, clothing fibres, etc., irritants such as cigarettes, sprays, etc., foods such as seafood, fresh rivers, etc. Dairy foods such as cheese, yoghurt, milk, etc. Asthma patients pay attention to observation in daily life and try to stay away from these allergens. After all, we don't live in a vacuum. No matter how careful, the ever-changing "wheezing" substances are sometimes difficult to prevent. If you accidentally cause an acute asthma attack, timely identification and active control are particularly important. Management of acute asthma attacks At home, if an asthma patient encounters a mild to moderate acute attack or a severe asthma patient has not been sent to the hospital for treatment, what measures can be taken to control the condition? Stay away from inducements Most acute asthma attacks have clear triggers. It is especially important to stay away from the triggers. Keep the home environment clean and ventilated with fresh air. Stabilize mood Eliminate the nervousness of the patient in time. Nervous emotions may aggravate the degree of airway spasms, making asthma symptoms difficult to control. Choose drugs Short-acting bronchodilator If there is an aura of an acute asthma attack, the most classic way to deal with it is to take out aerosol sprays as often seen in TV dramas. This aerosol is a short-acting bronchodilator, it works very quickly, if you feel that the control is not ideal, you can spray it every 4 to 8 hours. This kind of aerosol is best not to exceed 8 sprays a day, because this kind of drug has side effects such as palpitation, hand tremor, etc., and it is difficult to tolerate if it is used too much. On the other hand, it is a receptor-dependent drug. Will be discounted. Combination of inhaled hormones and bronchodilators If there is no short-acting bronchodilator at hand, there is a combination of inhaled hormone and bronchodilator, budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 μg), which has a faster onset and can also be used to quickly relieve symptoms. Like short-acting bronchodilators, it is best not to take more than 6 breaths a day. Other drugs In addition to the two emergency aerosols mentioned above (short-acting bronchodilator and budesonide/formoterol), there are also some drugs that control asthma symptoms such as aminophylline, ipratropium bromide aerosol, etc. , If you have medicine at home, you can also use it. When the control of the aforementioned plan is still not ideal, it is recommended to seek medical treatment in time. Of course, there are some old patients who are experienced in fighting asthma. Oral hormones such as prednisone are always available at home. They can be added. However, it is best to consult a professional doctor for the dosage and usage to avoid adverse drug reactions or delay the disease. Distinguish severe illness and send to hospital in time If any of the following severe symptoms occur, it is best for the patient to seek immediate medical attention with his family or friends. Look at the way of speaking If you speak fluently, just open your mouth for short phrases, which are usually not heavy. Severely ill patients often struggle to speak, cherish words like gold, and it is difficult to speak single words, so be careful. A Second look at sitting posture Mild-to-moderate patients often likes to lean or lie down, which can be adjusted according to their own comfort without being irritable. Severely ill patients often fidget, sitting forward and panting will make him feel a little more comfortable. Three look at pulse and heartbeat In critically ill patients, due to continuous airway spasm and hypoxia, the heart rate increases, and the pulse or heart rate often exceeds 120 times or even faster. Four looks at blood pressure and oxygen saturation If you have a finger pulse oxygen saturation meter or a sphygmomanometer at home, both can be used to determine the degree of illness. When the oxygen saturation is below 90%, it usually indicates a serious illness. If the blood pressure is not good, it usually indicates a serious condition. Poor blood pressure here generally refers to low blood pressure. If the blood pressure is too low, there may be signs of shock. Of course, many elderly patients should pay more attention.

Asthma

 

Asthma is a chronic disease, swallowing, or narrowing of air passageways, creating extra mucous. This condition makes breathing difficulties, whistling sounds, wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. 

Asthmatic patients’ airways are always inflamed and sore. When something triggers asthmatic patients, the muscles around airways become tight, creating more difficult breathing, even problem in air exchange, and causes chest tightness.

Timings of asthmatic attacks depend on patient physical activity. Sometimes asthma is a minor nuisance for some people, while mostly it interferes in every action and leads to life-threatening asthmatic attacks. 

Asthma can't be treated but can control, consulting with your doctor.

Symptoms:

Asthmatic signs and symptoms include

Pain and chest tightness

Trouble in sleeping due to shortness of breath, coughing and wheezing.

Whistling sounds during exhale (especially in children).

Wheezing and coughing attacks worsen due to viral infections, exceedingly cold, and flu.

Shortness of breath

Types of Asthma

Allergic Asthma 

Adult-Onset Asthma

Asthma-COPD Overlap

Nonallergic Asthma

Occupational Asthma

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB).

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB).

As we all know, Staying active will keep you healthier and profitable for muscle strength. Still, your consultant physician makes you a proper schedule for exercise for Asthmatic patients, according to your physical report. Proper management is required to keep symptoms under control; otherwise, the conditions become worse and fatal. A chronic asthmatic patient can have an attack during exercise.

Adult-onset Asthma:

This type of asthmatic condition occurs in people older than 20 years. Usually occur in women during pregnancy or after menopause. Lung function tests can diagnose it through a spirometer device. Calculate the rate of inhaled or exhaled air through the lungs.

Allergic Asthma 

It can trigger by airborne particles, pollens, dust, slits, pet dander, mould spores, and skin particles.

Occupational Asthma:

The most common type occurred by workplace irritants including, chemical, gases, and fumes.

Asthma-COPD overlap:

 It terms as ACOPD, not a separate disease but an overlap disorder caused by some factors. Mostly asthma occurred in childhood while COPD at age 45 or above. The causing reason for asthma is unknown, but COPD is due to smoking.

Nonallergic Asthma:

Some nonallergic factors are activated by stress, smoke, viral respiratory infection, anxiety, cold air, and worse throat.

Causes:

It's complicated to say why people get asthma, a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some allergic factors make your airways swallowed and narrow, causing difficulty in breathing. Untreatable conditions make it worsen and cause a severe stage of asthma that can be fatal. 

Diagnosis:

 Doctors can diagnose them by taking some medical history through your symptoms and performing physical lung tests using a spirometer device. Chest X-rays also help to distinguish between asthma and pneumonia. 

Asthmatic Triggers:

Many irritants activate asthma, including many allergy-causing agents, but it depends and varies from person to person.  

Respiratory infections

Physical activities

Air pollutants such as smog and pollen

Some kind of medications including, Aspirin, Beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, naproxen sodium and ibuprofen.

(GRD)Gastroesophageal reflux disease, a stomach disorder in which the stomach acid back up in your throat.

Risk Factors:

Various factors involve increasing your chances of getting asthma;

Genetic factors, you get through your siblings or close relative genetically.

Atopic dermatitis (red itching fever) or hay fever (coagulation, runny nose, eye itching problem).

Obesity and being overweight.

Smoking

Exposure to occupational activators like farming, hairdressing and smog.

Complications in Asthma:

Continuously narrowing of bronchial tubes affects your breathing rate.

Signs and symptoms with asthmatic server attacks can disturb your working ability.

Asthmatic attacks and whistling sound cause sleeplessness, which lead to anxiety and depression.

There are many severe side effects of long-term medications used for controlling asthma.

But proper treatment and preventions can overcome long term and short-term complications.

Preventions:

you and your physicians can control it by proper management. Design a step by step plan of life, change your lifestyle according to it. It will surely help in preventing asthmatic attacks.

Follow your Asthmatic Management Plan: Make a plan with the complete guidance of your doctor and medical care team; that plan is about taking medicines, vaccines, exercise, diet plans to prevent attacks. Strictly follow it; being a persistent disease, you need regular treatment and diagnosis. 

Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Take vaccinations against viral infections and try not to get common cold and flu because it triggers asthma. 

AvoidTriggers. Many sorts of asthmatic activators and allergy, causing irritants to avoid the stop in inhaling them through a face mask— ranging from pollen and mould spores and cold air and pollution — can trigger asthma attacks. Try to Find out what worsens your asthma, create your asthmatic attacks, and avoid those triggers. 

Monitor your breathing Rate. Record your breathing rate with home peak instruments, and whenever you feel it's abnormal and some shortness of breath, instantly take your medicines; it will overcome the severeness of attack.

Take proper medication as prescribed. Do not take or change your medicines without consulting with your doctor. Even your asthma seems good to take your medication correctly, keep your medicine all time with you.

Use a quick-relief inhaler. Use inhalers such as albuterol in shortness of breath. If your asthma isn't under control, then seek medical consulting's about adjusting your treatment.

Treatment

Bronchial thermoplasty:

Therapeutic radiofrequency energy through electrodes to air passageways reduces muscle tightness, only for severe conditions not widely available.

Bronchodilators:

It can take as a nebulizer, help in relaxing muscle stuffiness within a minute, and open the airway.

Anti-Inflammation: Use or inhales corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs that help to breathe correctly. 

Anticholinergics: They help to prevent muscles from tightening around airways. 

There is no cure for asthma but can control by managing your lifestyle and proper treatment. Untreated asthmatic conditions can lead to permeant loss of lungs

Asthma Overview Content

 

 Asthma is a narrowing of the airways, causing difficulty breathing. Understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of asthma. What is asthma? Asthma affects the lungs of children. The most common symptoms of asthma are asthma, coughing, and breathing problems. Other health problems can also cause these symptoms. Therefore, it is difficult for doctors to diagnose asthma at first, especially in infants and children. Asthma affects your child's lungs for life. Sometimes the child feels better. Sometimes it feels severe. When the child’s asthma is more affected If your child’s asthma is more affected, the airway will become narrower. At this time, it is difficult for the child's lungs to inhale and exhale air. Asthma airway constriction During an asthma attack, the muscles around the airways become tight, The airway narrows, making breathing difficult. Children with asthma have three factors that narrow the airways: The airway lining thickens and expands. This is called inflammation. The muscles around the airway tighten. This is called bronchospasm or bronchoconstriction. The airway produces a lot of transparent mucus. This mucus is thicker than normal and can block the airway. Help children feel more comfortable There are several ways you can help your child feel more comfortable: Read this page to learn more about childhood asthma, read other books on asthma, and consult a doctor. Make sure that your child takes the medicine exactly as prescribed by the doctor. Understand the causes of childhood asthma and try to stay away. Triggers can aggravate your child’s asthma. Incentives aggravate your child’s asthma Triggers can aggravate your child’s asthma. Every child with asthma suffers from different triggers. Cooperate with your child’s doctor to find out the triggers that trouble your child and understand how your child can avoid these triggers. The following are some common triggers: Infectious diseases, such as colds and flu Cigarette or tobacco smoke Woodsmoke and lampblack Things that cause allergic reactions pet Air pollution Humid climate Cold weather Drugs, such as ASA (aspirin) or ibuprofen Strong smell or spray movement Asthma medication Asthma medicine can keep your child’s lungs healthy and prevent your child’s asthma from getting worse. These drugs cannot treat asthma, but they help keep your child’s lungs healthy. Many asthma medicines used by children are inhaled. These medicines are called inhaled medicines. Corticosteroids are one of the best-inhaled asthma drugs. Studies have shown that inhaled medicines for childhood asthma are very safe. Your child can use it for several years without affecting growth. After inhaling the medicine, children should rinse their mouth or drink a sip of water or juice. This helps prevent sores in the mouth. The main inhaled drugs used for childhood asthma are control drugs and relievers. Asthma control drugs are drugs that prevent the lining of the airway from swelling. With daily use of control drugs, your child’s swelling and mucus volume will decrease. Inhaled control drugs include beclomethasone (Qvar), budesonide (Pulmicort), budesonide plus formoterol (Symbicort), ciclesonide (Alvesco), fluticasone (Flovent) and fluticasone plus salmeterol (Advair) ). Singulair is a tablet-type control drug. Even if it looks good, your child should take control medications every day. Make sure your child continues to use the control medicine until the doctor allows it to stop. Asthma relief medicine Relief medications can help treat asthma symptoms such as cough or asthma. Relief drugs can relax the muscles around the airways. The airway opens after the muscles relax. At this point, the child can breathe more easily. Relief medications include salbutamol (Airomir or Ventolin) and terbutaline (Bolicani). If your child has asthma, relievers should be used. If the doctor thinks that the child has improved, stop using the daily relief medicine. The doctor will tell the child to use relief medication before exercising. Early warning signs of worsening asthma in children Asthma symptoms appear slowly over time, usually hours or days. The small changes in your child's body when symptoms of asthma appear are called early warning signs. The early warning signs are different for each child. You will find these signs are not easy to detect. Here are some common early warning signs. Signs you can see or hear Persistent cough Coughing to vomiting Night cough asthma Have difficulty breathing Fatigue soon after starting a game or exercising Breathing faster than usual Impatient temper, unstable temperament Signs of a cold sneeze What the child tells you "I'm tired." "My chest hurts." "Difficulty breathing." "There is noise when breathing (asthma)." What to do when your child shows early warning signs If you see any early warning signs, follow the action plan that you and your doctor have developed together. If you have not made an action plan, consult your doctor to make it. Danger signs that your child's asthma gets worse If your child shows any of the following signs of danger, be sure to follow the action plan that you and your doctor have developed together. Unable to stop coughing and vomiting Difficulty speaking Feeling tired and unable to wake up Blue lips or skin Inhale (inhale) the skin on the neck or chest when breathing Follow the action plan to let your child use relief medication. Take your child to the nearest emergency department or call an ambulance. Asthma and exercise Although suffering from asthma, the child is still very active and likes to exercise. All children should play and exercise. Your child needs to play with other children to maintain healthy growth. Sports will aggravate some children's asthma We know that exercise can make some children's asthma worse. Your child will show some warning signs of asthma during and after exercise. During exercise, children can perform some operations to suppress asthma: If you use control medications regularly, the signs of asthma will decrease during exercise. Make sure your child does simple, gentle exercises when starting and ending exercise. That is to warm up and ease exercise. The doctor will tell the child to use relief medication before exercising. Keep in mind that relievers can help treat asthma symptoms such as cough or asthma. If your child uses these drugs 15 or 20 minutes before exercise, it will reduce the warning signs of asthma. If asthma gets worse during exercise, the child should do some short-term exercise and rest during exercise. If your child starts asthma while exercising, he should stop the activity. Then, your child will follow the action plan that you and the doctor have made. Important matters With asthma or, even if your child looks better, his airway will swell for 6 to 8 weeks, or even longer. The child should continue to use the control medicine. You should follow the action plan that you and your doctor have made. This is a written action plan that records the daily activities of how to control asthma. The plan also records what to do when your child’s asthma gets worse. If you work hard to keep your child away from things that aggravate asthma (asthma triggers), you can help your child prevent other symptoms of asthma. If your child is over 6 years old, you can consult a doctor about the "inflation" test for asthma, which is a lung function test. This test is used to diagnose and monitor asthma. Emergency situations If the following conditions exist seek medical attention immediately: Relief medication is ineffective or lasts 4 hours The child's symptoms do not get better after 2 to 3 days Child's symptoms get worse If the following situations occur, go to the nearest emergency department immediately: Your child is unable to eat, sleep or talk due to the onset of symptoms Your child has shortness of breath or aspiration in the throat or under the ribs Extra doses of relievers are still ineffective Point The most common symptoms of asthma are asthma, coughing, and breathing problems. When a child's asthma attacks, his airways will narrow, which makes it difficult to inhale and exhale from the lungs. Make sure that your child takes the medicine exactly as prescribed by the doctor. Find the cause of childhood asthma and try to stay away. If you notice any early warning signs of worsening asthma in your child, follow the action plan that you and your doctor have made. Dangerous signs of asthma include difficulty speaking, sleeping abnormally or waking up, blue lips or skin, and inhalation of the neck or chest skin while breathing. If you see these signs, give your child a relief medicine. Take your child to the nearest emergency department or call an ambulance.

Health care for patients with asthma

 

1. What is asthma? Asthma is a chronic bronchial disease. The patient's bronchial tubes become swollen and narrowed due to allergic inflammation, making breathing difficult. Asthma is a global problem, with 300 million asthmatics worldwide. The incidence and severity of asthma are increasing, and 180,000 patients die from asthma every year. The medical use and cost are very high. The general rule: cities are higher than rural areas; more children than adults. 2. What are the clinical manifestations of asthma? Symptoms such as recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or coughing often develop and aggravate at night and (or) in the morning. Most patients can relieve themselves or be relieved by treatment. At night, yang is latent in the human body (hormone levels decrease), inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway increases and inflammatory substances are produced, which makes asthma symptoms more obvious. Also Besides, exposure to allergic factors or poor asthma control can make asthma symptoms worse at night (taking long-acting control drugs every day to control asthma inflammation can avoid night attacks) 3. What are the causes of asthma? Genetic factors Environmental factors Indoor allergens Outdoor allergens Smoking 2 Air pollution Factors that worsen asthma Allergens Air pollution Respiratory infections Exercise and hyperventilation Climate change Sulfur dioxide Food, additives, medicines

4. What is the relationship between climate change and asthma attacks? Changes in temperature, humidity, and air pressure may all be factors that induce asthma. According to the survey, the incidence of asthma is the lowest in the hottest seasons, and higher in autumn and winter, but most patients who relieve in summer can also cause asthma attacks due to inhalation of certain irritants, smells or ingestion of certain substances. Asthma can occur in the same season, but it can also occur repeatedly in different seasons. Acute airway stenosis and increased airway resistance that occurs after strenuous exercise. It may cause exercise-induced asthma in patients, especially teenagers (at this time, please consult a doctor to control asthma). 5. Asthma patients need to pay attention to their disease. (1) Asthma patients’ cognition of their own condition is still far from their actual symptoms, and they tend to underestimate their actual symptoms and pay attention to them after a severe attack. This leads to increasingly serious symptoms, even due to ineffective treatment. Face danger to life. 3 Surveys have shown that more than 80% of patients fail to effectively control their disease, which means that they will face the risk of severe asthma attacks and long-term lung damage. (2)  asthma is harmful. A sudden attack of asthma can cause pneumothorax, respiratory failure, and even life-threatening; growth and development disorders, obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic pulmonary heart disease, missed work and miss study affect children’s mental development, asthma is poorly controlled, and the accumulated inflammation can cause permanent damage to the respiratory tract, seriously affecting the patient Lung function and future life. Therefore, the control of asthma inflammation is the most important, which requires daily use of asthma control drugs to curb the deterioration of asthma. 6. What should I do if I have asthma? 1. Western medicine inhalation therapy In 1994, the World Health Organization formulated a global strategy for asthma management and prevention, namely the Global Asthma Prevention and Treatment Initiative-GINA. The global asthma academic community unanimously recommends inhalation therapy. Every patient should carry a bronchodilator (Trone) with them in case of emergency. It is necessary to persist in inhaling corticosteroids (Seretide, fix done, and be done) every day for anti-inflammatory. Inhaled corticosteroids can solve the fundamental problem of asthma. Asthma is a chronic disease of the airway. Like other chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, asthma also requires long-term medication control. Why advocate inhalation therapy? Compared with oral administration, inhalation therapy has the following advantages. The medicine can reach the lungs. 4. Small dosage, fast action, high safety, and good curative effect. 2. Chinese medicine treatment Chinese medicine believes that the spleen is the source of sputum, the lung is the organ for sputum storage, and the kidney is the main source One of the functions is to receive qi. Therefore, the lung, spleen, and kidney function are imbalanced, and asthma can occur. In the treatment, the lung, spleen, and kidney functions are also regulated. When there is no seizure, strengthening the body is the first, that is, to supplement the law; when the seizure is the main attack, that is, to reduce the law. Specifically, you need to ask a Chinese physician for syndrome differentiation and treatment. 7. What is the relationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma? Allergic rhinitis is manifested as itchy nose and eyes, sneezing, nasal congestion, and watery nasal discharge. Statistics show that among patients with bronchial asthma, about 56%-74% have allergic rhinitis, and the incidence of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis is greater than 60%. It can be seen that the relationship between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma is relatively close, and allergic rhinitis should be actively prevented and treated to reduce the incidence of bronchial asthma. Eight|Can asthma attacks be prevented? The precautionary principles are 1. Look for predisposing factors: minimize the chance of triggering an asthma attack. 2. Enhance immunity and physique 5 (1) Medical physical exercise (before various exercises, a small number of bronchodilator drugs can be used to prevent asthma attacks) (2) Lifestyle (keep a happy mood) (3) Drug prevention ( Use regularly) Specific prevention methods: 1. Avoid allergens. Common allergens include wind pollen (medium tree, castor, wormwood, etc.), mould spores, house dust, certain productive dust (such as cotton dust, silk moth dust, yam powder, certain detergents and certain Stimulating gases and drugs from chemical plants), etc. The room should be ventilated on time, the light should be sufficient, and the temperature should be appropriate. When cleaning the bedding and cleaning and spraying alcohol and insecticides, ensure that the patient leaves the scene, quit smoking, etc. to prevent air pollution 2. Pay attention to summer treatment. From the small summer to the beginning of autumn, it is called "Fuxia" or "Dogtian", which is the time when the temperature is the highest throughout the year and the sun is the strongest. "Spring and summer nourish yang", treatment at this time can enrich the patient's yang energy and enhance disease resistance. 3. Pleasant emotions. Many clinical data indicate that 30% of -70% of asthma is induced by emotional factors. Emotional triggers mainly include excessive tension and anxiety, especially worry, grievance and anger. Although these are not the primary causes of asthma, they can affect the number of attacks and the condition. Therefore, patients with asthma should be happy, open-minded, and avoid emotional stimulation to avoid recurrence. 4. Pay attention to diet and recuperation. Avoid eating foods that can induce asthma, such as crabs, shrimp, and milk. Eating should not be too sweet (such as chocolate), too greasy (such as animal fat), not too aggressive (such as cold ice cream, spicy, wine, strong tea, etc.). Vegetables such as radish, loofah, and canavalinus can not only supplement a variety of vitamins and inorganic salts, but also have the effects of expelling wind, lowering qi, and reducing phlegm, which is beneficial to prevent asthma attacks. To prevent vegetable food from getting colder, add a proper amount of ginger when cooking. Eating a certain amount of pears, citrus, loquat, walnut kernels, bananas, sesame seeds, honey, etc. can help smooth stools, reduce abdominal pressure, and prevent asthma attacks. 6 It is necessary to pay attention to prohibit smoking and alcohol, quit smoking and more tea. Because smoking can cause increased secretions in the respiratory tract, reflex bronchospasm, and difficulty in expectoration, it is conducive to the growth and reproduction of viruses and bacteria and makes chronic bronchitis worse. Tea contains theophylline, which can excite the sympathetic nerves, dilate the bronchi and reduce the symptoms of cough and asthma.

5. Avoid fatigue. Because of overwork, it will consume righteous qi, damage the internal organs, cause low resistance, and become a trigger for asthma attacks. 6. Insist on proper exercise. You can choose medical exercises, Tai Chi, Wu Qin Xi and other items according to your physical fitness to improve the body's disease resistance. The amount of activity should be no obvious shortness of breath, accelerated heartbeat, and excessive fatigue. Physical exercise should pay attention to gradual and orderly progress, and do what you can Prevent overwork, such as walking, Tai Chi, etc. Studies have shown that exercises of less than 5 minutes are less likely to cause asthma attacks, and 5-10 minutes of vigorous exercise can cause asthma attacks. 7. Establish a good doctor-patient relationship. As a chronic disease, long-term treatment is imperative for asthma. Strengthening the communication and exchanges between doctors and patients can make the disease of asthma patients better controlled. Only with good treatment and complete control can patients be more confident in overcoming asthma

Asthmatic Bronchitis

 Asthmatic bronchitis is a chronic airway inflammation involving a variety of cells, especially mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes. In susceptible persons, this inflammation can cause recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, which usually occurs at night or in the early morning. Such symptoms are often accompanied by extensive and variable restriction of expiratory flow rate, but can be partially relieved naturally or after treatment; this symptom is also accompanied by increased airway responsiveness to various stimulating factors.

Asthmatic bronchitis is not the same as asthma. We know that The trachea, bronchi, and bronchiole are relatively narrow, and the elastic fibres around it are not well developed. Once infected by viruses or bacteria, the mucous membranes will become congested and swollen, leading to spasm of the bronchi and bronchiole. Asthmatic bronchitis is asthma that appears based on infection, and its clinical features are 1. It is common in puffy children under 3 years old. 2. Often have a history of eczema or other allergies. 3. Most of them have expiratory dyspnea, shortness of breath, and flapping of the nose 2-3 days after the upper respiratory tract infection. In severe cases, there may be triangulation, that is, the suprasternal fossa, intercostal space, and supraclavicular depression. 4. Auscultation of both lungs is dominated by wheezing, prolonged exhalation, often accompanied by moderate wet rales. 5. There is a tendency to recur. As most children grow older and the body's resistance increases, the number of attacks will gradually decrease until they are cured. The connection between asthmatic bronchitis and asthma Although asthmatic bronchitis is not the same as asthma, there is a certain connection between the two. Some asthmatic bronchitis can easily develop into asthma after a few years: 1. Patients with asthmatic bronchitis often have a clear family history or patients with allergic reactions and allergic diseases in the family; 2. Asthma symptoms occur repeatedly, and often still cannot be relieved with age. 3. Non-infectious factors such as allergies often cause attacks; 4. A small dose of epinephrine was injected subcutaneously at the time of the attack, and the effect was immediate. Therefore, for asthmatic bronchitis with the above four points, follow-up should be strengthened, and under the guidance of a doctor, preventive measures should be action taken to prevent a recurrence Disease complications edit Pneumonia, emphysema, bullae, pulmonary heart disease, bronchiectasis, etc. Pathological editing of aetiology The aetiology of asthma is not very clear. 

Many survey data show that the prevalence rate of relatives of asthma patients is higher than the group prevalence, and the closer the kinship, the higher the prevalence; the more severe the patient’s condition, the higher the prevalence of their relatives. The genes related to asthma have not yet been fully clarified, but studies have shown that there are multiple genes related to allergic diseases. These genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Precipitating factors Environmental factors also play an important role in the onset of asthma. There are many related predisposing factors, including inhaled antigens (such as dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal dander, etc.) and various non-specific inhalants (such as sulfur dioxide, paint, ammonia, etc.); infections (such as viruses, Respiratory system infections caused by bacteria, mycoplasma or chlamydia); food antigens (such as fish, shrimps and crabs, eggs, milk, etc.); drugs (such as propranolol, aspirin, etc.); climate change, exercise, pregnancy, etc. All may be predisposing factors for asthma. 1. Respiratory tract infection Asthma has an important relationship with respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infection is a relatively common predisposing factor. Most asthma patients experience increased wheezing after respiratory tract infection, which is more pronounced in children. Investigations have shown that the main cause of asthma exacerbation is viral respiratory infections. Respiratory tract infections have the potential to increase the anti-inflammatory effects of the airways, and this factor is very similar to the pathogenesis of asthma. 2. Non-specific factors Dust, gasoline, smoke, pain, and other irritating odours and cold air can stimulate the sensory nerve endings of the bronchial mucosa, reflexively cause vagus nerve excitement and cough and cause bronchial smooth muscle spasm based on airway hyperresponsiveness. 3. Overwork Both intense exercise and long-term physical work can induce asthma. 4. Mental reasons Severe changes or fluctuations in mood can be predisposing factors for asthma attacks. Sadness, worry, overexcitement, and even laughter can also cause asthma attacks. 5. Occupational reasons, For example, pharmaceutical factories and chemical companies are allergic to certain drugs and raw materials, and medical staff is allergic to certain drugs. 6. Climate factors: temperature, air pressure, humidity, etc. 7. Exercise factors Because exercise-induced asthma is also called exercise-induced asthma, it refers to acute and temporary obstruction of the airway after a certain amount of exercise. Clinically, the main manifestations of an acute attack of asthma are different in severity, and it can be relieved by itself. 8. Foggy and dusty environment. Smoking, special odours (odours, fireworks, mosquito coils, car exhaust, campfire smoke, etc.), cooking fumes, etc. can all be asthma triggers. Dichlorvos and insecticides can also aggravate the patient's condition in the summer in my country. 9. Air-conditioned rooms with the obvious temperature difference between entering and leaving I know the cause and pathology of asthmatic bronchitis. The symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma-related symptoms include coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and expectoration. The typical manifestation is exhalation dyspnea with episodes of wheezing. In severe cases, they may be forced to sit or breathe, dry cough or spit a lot of white foamy sputum, or even cyanosis. Asthma symptoms can occur within a few minutes, after a few hours to a few days, with bronchodilators or self-relief. Most patients with early or mild symptoms have episodic cough and chest tightness as their main manifestations. These manifestations lack characteristic

Differential diagnosis (1) Bronchopneumonia Severe bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia are sometimes difficult to distinguish in the early stage, but in general, bronchial pneumonia has shortness of breath and respiratory obstruction and fixed small moist rales can be heard in both lungs, especially at the bottom of the lungs; beside the spine and under the armpits, it is obvious. (2) Bronchial asthma The disease is more common in older children with a history of recurring asthma. Asthma attacks can be unrelated to infections or can be induced by infections. Generally, there is no fever, and it often occurs suddenly in the morning or at night. The application of bronchodilators can quickly relieve it. (3) bronchiolitis Mainly caused by a respiratory syncytial virus infection, more common in infants less than 6 months old. The onset of illness is often sudden. At the beginning of the illness, the respiratory symptoms are far more serious than those of poisoning. It is manifested as episodic wheezing, expiratory dyspnea, obvious tri-concave sign, and cyanosis, generally not high body temperature, obvious wheezing in both lungs, lungs There may be fine wet rales at the bottom. Also Besides, recurrent bronchial inflammation should be distinguished from bronchial foreign bodies, congenital upper respiratory tract malformations, right middle lobe syndrome, and other diseases. Related information edit Asthmatic bronchitis should also be distinguished from cardiac asthma, the former is mainly dyspnea It is more common in young people with normal blood pressure, while the latter has difficulty breathing and exhaling. There are more middle-aged and elderly people with symptoms such as high blood pressure and arrhythmia. It is difficult to have a long-term effective treatment plan after suffering from asthmatic bronchitis. When the onset occurs, you should stay in bed, take a semi-sitting position, keep the environment quiet and sanitary, and avoid allergic stimulation. In general, anti-asthmatic drugs can be used in treatment. For collapsed patients, it is necessary to rehydration in time and eats salt and sugar water appropriately to prevent dehydration