Asthmatic Bronchitis

 Asthmatic bronchitis is a chronic airway inflammation involving a variety of cells, especially mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes. In susceptible persons, this inflammation can cause recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, which usually occurs at night or in the early morning. Such symptoms are often accompanied by extensive and variable restriction of expiratory flow rate, but can be partially relieved naturally or after treatment; this symptom is also accompanied by increased airway responsiveness to various stimulating factors.

Asthmatic bronchitis is not the same as asthma. We know that The trachea, bronchi, and bronchiole are relatively narrow, and the elastic fibres around it are not well developed. Once infected by viruses or bacteria, the mucous membranes will become congested and swollen, leading to spasm of the bronchi and bronchiole. Asthmatic bronchitis is asthma that appears based on infection, and its clinical features are 1. It is common in puffy children under 3 years old. 2. Often have a history of eczema or other allergies. 3. Most of them have expiratory dyspnea, shortness of breath, and flapping of the nose 2-3 days after the upper respiratory tract infection. In severe cases, there may be triangulation, that is, the suprasternal fossa, intercostal space, and supraclavicular depression. 4. Auscultation of both lungs is dominated by wheezing, prolonged exhalation, often accompanied by moderate wet rales. 5. There is a tendency to recur. As most children grow older and the body's resistance increases, the number of attacks will gradually decrease until they are cured. The connection between asthmatic bronchitis and asthma Although asthmatic bronchitis is not the same as asthma, there is a certain connection between the two. Some asthmatic bronchitis can easily develop into asthma after a few years: 1. Patients with asthmatic bronchitis often have a clear family history or patients with allergic reactions and allergic diseases in the family; 2. Asthma symptoms occur repeatedly, and often still cannot be relieved with age. 3. Non-infectious factors such as allergies often cause attacks; 4. A small dose of epinephrine was injected subcutaneously at the time of the attack, and the effect was immediate. Therefore, for asthmatic bronchitis with the above four points, follow-up should be strengthened, and under the guidance of a doctor, preventive measures should be action taken to prevent a recurrence Disease complications edit Pneumonia, emphysema, bullae, pulmonary heart disease, bronchiectasis, etc. Pathological editing of aetiology The aetiology of asthma is not very clear. 

Many survey data show that the prevalence rate of relatives of asthma patients is higher than the group prevalence, and the closer the kinship, the higher the prevalence; the more severe the patient’s condition, the higher the prevalence of their relatives. The genes related to asthma have not yet been fully clarified, but studies have shown that there are multiple genes related to allergic diseases. These genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Precipitating factors Environmental factors also play an important role in the onset of asthma. There are many related predisposing factors, including inhaled antigens (such as dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal dander, etc.) and various non-specific inhalants (such as sulfur dioxide, paint, ammonia, etc.); infections (such as viruses, Respiratory system infections caused by bacteria, mycoplasma or chlamydia); food antigens (such as fish, shrimps and crabs, eggs, milk, etc.); drugs (such as propranolol, aspirin, etc.); climate change, exercise, pregnancy, etc. All may be predisposing factors for asthma. 1. Respiratory tract infection Asthma has an important relationship with respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infection is a relatively common predisposing factor. Most asthma patients experience increased wheezing after respiratory tract infection, which is more pronounced in children. Investigations have shown that the main cause of asthma exacerbation is viral respiratory infections. Respiratory tract infections have the potential to increase the anti-inflammatory effects of the airways, and this factor is very similar to the pathogenesis of asthma. 2. Non-specific factors Dust, gasoline, smoke, pain, and other irritating odours and cold air can stimulate the sensory nerve endings of the bronchial mucosa, reflexively cause vagus nerve excitement and cough and cause bronchial smooth muscle spasm based on airway hyperresponsiveness. 3. Overwork Both intense exercise and long-term physical work can induce asthma. 4. Mental reasons Severe changes or fluctuations in mood can be predisposing factors for asthma attacks. Sadness, worry, overexcitement, and even laughter can also cause asthma attacks. 5. Occupational reasons, For example, pharmaceutical factories and chemical companies are allergic to certain drugs and raw materials, and medical staff is allergic to certain drugs. 6. Climate factors: temperature, air pressure, humidity, etc. 7. Exercise factors Because exercise-induced asthma is also called exercise-induced asthma, it refers to acute and temporary obstruction of the airway after a certain amount of exercise. Clinically, the main manifestations of an acute attack of asthma are different in severity, and it can be relieved by itself. 8. Foggy and dusty environment. Smoking, special odours (odours, fireworks, mosquito coils, car exhaust, campfire smoke, etc.), cooking fumes, etc. can all be asthma triggers. Dichlorvos and insecticides can also aggravate the patient's condition in the summer in my country. 9. Air-conditioned rooms with the obvious temperature difference between entering and leaving I know the cause and pathology of asthmatic bronchitis. The symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma-related symptoms include coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and expectoration. The typical manifestation is exhalation dyspnea with episodes of wheezing. In severe cases, they may be forced to sit or breathe, dry cough or spit a lot of white foamy sputum, or even cyanosis. Asthma symptoms can occur within a few minutes, after a few hours to a few days, with bronchodilators or self-relief. Most patients with early or mild symptoms have episodic cough and chest tightness as their main manifestations. These manifestations lack characteristic

Differential diagnosis (1) Bronchopneumonia Severe bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia are sometimes difficult to distinguish in the early stage, but in general, bronchial pneumonia has shortness of breath and respiratory obstruction and fixed small moist rales can be heard in both lungs, especially at the bottom of the lungs; beside the spine and under the armpits, it is obvious. (2) Bronchial asthma The disease is more common in older children with a history of recurring asthma. Asthma attacks can be unrelated to infections or can be induced by infections. Generally, there is no fever, and it often occurs suddenly in the morning or at night. The application of bronchodilators can quickly relieve it. (3) bronchiolitis Mainly caused by a respiratory syncytial virus infection, more common in infants less than 6 months old. The onset of illness is often sudden. At the beginning of the illness, the respiratory symptoms are far more serious than those of poisoning. It is manifested as episodic wheezing, expiratory dyspnea, obvious tri-concave sign, and cyanosis, generally not high body temperature, obvious wheezing in both lungs, lungs There may be fine wet rales at the bottom. Also Besides, recurrent bronchial inflammation should be distinguished from bronchial foreign bodies, congenital upper respiratory tract malformations, right middle lobe syndrome, and other diseases. Related information edit Asthmatic bronchitis should also be distinguished from cardiac asthma, the former is mainly dyspnea It is more common in young people with normal blood pressure, while the latter has difficulty breathing and exhaling. There are more middle-aged and elderly people with symptoms such as high blood pressure and arrhythmia. It is difficult to have a long-term effective treatment plan after suffering from asthmatic bronchitis. When the onset occurs, you should stay in bed, take a semi-sitting position, keep the environment quiet and sanitary, and avoid allergic stimulation. In general, anti-asthmatic drugs can be used in treatment. For collapsed patients, it is necessary to rehydration in time and eats salt and sugar water appropriately to prevent dehydration